A cross-sectional study analyzing the correlation between the mean retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness with axial length and refractive errors among children aged 5–15 years

Purpose: To analyze the correlation between the mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness with axial length and refractive errors among children aged 5–15 years. Methods: This cross?sectional, observational study was done on 130 eyes of 65 consecutive subjects with refractive errors. The patients were evaluated for RNFL thickness and macular GCL thickness using spectral domain? optical coherence tomography. Results: One hundred and thirty eyes of 65 subjects aged between 5 and 15 years were divided into three groups based on their spherical equivalent in diopters (D). The children with a spherical equivalent of ??0.50 D were considered myopic, ??0.5 to ?+0.5 D were considered emmetropic, and ?+0.50 D were considered hypermetropic. RNFL thickness and GCL thickness were correlated with age, gender, spherical equivalent, and axial length. The mean global RNFL thickness was 104.58 ?m ± 7.567. Conclusion: There exists a negative correlation between RNFL thickness and macular GCL thickness with increasing severity of myopia and increase in axial length, and the possible reason could be stretching of the sclera, which further leads to stretching of the retina, resulting in thinner RNFL and macular GCL thickness

Relationship between optical coherence tomography findings and clinical variables in patients with opiate use disorder / Relação entre os achados da tomografia de coerência óptica e as variáveis clínicas em pacientes com transtorno por uso de opiáceos

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to examine optical coherence tomography findings in patients with opiate use disorder by comparing them with healthy controls. Methods: The study included 30 opiate use disorder patients and 30 controls. The participants' detailed biomicroscopic examinations, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and both eye examinations were evaluated. A total of 120 eyes were evaluated using optical coherence tomography, measuring the central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, mean macular volume and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Moreover, all participants filled in the demographic data form and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Results: Upon examination of the optical coherence tomography findings, central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, and mean macular volume were thinner in both eyes in patients with opiate use disorder (p<0.01 in all measurements in both eyes). Similarly, the total values of the superior quadrant and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were statistically significant in both eyes compared to that in the control group (p=0.007, p=0.002; p=0.049, p=0.007, in the right and left eyes, respectively). Only the left eye was positively correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer superior quadrant measurement and hospitalization (r=0.380, p=0.039). Conclusion: Our results revealed that the patients' central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, and mean macular volume values were thinner. Increase in the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness superior quadrant thickness and total value was also observed. Further studies with larger sampling groups that evaluate neuroimaging findings should be conducted.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo foi investigar foi, os achados da tomografia de coerência óptica em pacientes com transtorno do uso de opiáceos, comparando-os com controles saudáveis. Métodos: O estudo incluiu 30 pacientes com transtorno do uso de opiáceos e 30 controles. Os exames biomicroscópicos detalhados de todos os participantes, acuidade visual, pressão intraocular e ambos os exames oculares foram avaliados com tomografia de coerência óptica. Um total de 120 olhos foram avaliados usando tomografia de coerência óptica, e a espessura macular central, espessura macular média, volume macular médio e a espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina dos participantes foram medidos. Além disso, todos os participantes preencheram o Formulário de Dados Demográficos e a Escala de Impulsividade Barratt (BIS-11). Resultados: Quando os achados de tomografia de coerência óptica foram examinados, espessura macular central, espessura macular média e volume macular médio eram mais finos de acordo com controles saudáveis em ambos os olhos em pacientes com transtorno do uso de opiáceos (p<0,01 em todas as medições em ambos os olhos). Da mesma forma, os valores totais do quadrante superior e espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina estavam mais em níveis estatisticamente significativos em ambos os olhos em comparação com o grupo controle (p=0,007, p=0,002; p=0,049, p=0,007, no olho direito e esquerdo, respectivamente). Estar internado em hospital e apenas a medida do quadrante superior da espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina do olho esquerdo associou-se positivamente (r=0,380, p=0,039). Conclusão: Em nossos resultados, descobrimos que os valores de espessura macular central, espessura macular média e volume macular médio dos pacientes eram mais finos. Verificamos também espessamento no quadrante superior e valor total da espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina. Nosso estudo deve ser apoiado por novos estudos com grupos de amostragem maiores, nos quais os achados de neuroimagem são avaliados.

Research progress of optical coherence tomography angiography in detecting retinal and choroidal thickness and blood flow in patients with high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

High myopia is a state of refractive error with myopia over -6.00D. High myopia is typically accompanied by multiple fundus lesions, thus making patients with high myopia suffer from varying degrees of impairment in visual function. As an emerging auxiliary way in ophthalmology, optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)can efficiently and non-invasively obtain microvascular stratified images of the retina and choroid and quantitatively analyze blood flow signals. Since the advent of OCTA, there have been numerous studies observing fundus changes in those with high myopia through OCTA. In this paper, some studies in which OCTA is applied to obtain retinal and choroidal thickness from patients with high myopia are reviewed, with a view to revealing the correlation between high myopia and the parameters such as retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, vessel density and the area of the foveal avascular zone and providing novel ideas to deeply investigate the mechanism of high myopia and delay the occurrence and development of high myopia.

Alterations of macular ganglion cell layer thickness and optic disc parameters in patients with early diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the changes of optic disc parameters, peripapillary retinal nerve fibers layer(pRNFL)thickness and macular ganglion cell layer(mGCL)thickness among patients with early diabetes retinopathy and healthy controls by Cirrus HD-optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 45 non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR), 52 mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR), 55 moderate NPDR with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 64 age-matched healthy controls were included. The fasting blood glucose(FBG), duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and past history of the patients were collected in detail. Optic disc parameters(i.e., binocular RNFL thickness symmetry percentage, rim area, optic disc area, cup-to-disc ratio, cup volume), pRNFL thickness and mGCL thickness were measured by Cirrus HD-OCT. The comparison of different groups was performed by one-way analysis of variance.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the binocular RNFL thickness symmetry percentage and rim area were significantly decreased, while the average C/D and vertical C/D were significantly increased in the NDR group, mild NPDR group and moderate NPDR group(all P&#x003C;0.05). Compared with the control group, the peripapillary RNFL thicknesses(superior, temporal, inferior, nasal)and macular GCL thickness(average, minimum, superior, supero-temporal, infero-temporal, inferior, supero-nasal, and infero-nasal)became thinner in the NDR group, mild NPDR group, and moderate NPDR group(all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Patients with early DR have significantly decreased binocular RNFL thickness asymmetry, rim area, pRNFL and mGCL thickness, while they have significantly increased cup-to-disc ratio when compared to healthy controls. The results support the statement that DM causes inner retinal neurodegenerative changes even in T2DM patients without overt microangiopathy.

Comparison of radial peripapillary capillary density results of individuals with and without Helicobacter pylori infection / Comparação dos resultados da densidade capilar peripapilar radial de indivíduos com e sem infecção por Helicobacter pylori

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the radial peripapillary capillary density using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study comprised 52 patients (52 eyes: Group 1) and 38 patients (38 eyes: Group 2) with and without H. pylori infections, respectively. The radial peripapillary capillary density and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in 4 equal quadrants and 2 equal hemispheres in the peripapillary region were calculated using optical coherence tomography angiography. The optic nerve head parameters of the patients were also assessed. Results: The groups were similar in terms of age, gender, and the optic nerve head parameters. The radial peripapillary capillary densities in the superior hemisphere and quadrant were significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p=0.039 and p=0.028, respectively) and were positively correlated with the superior hemisphere's retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Similarly, the radial peripapillary capillary densities in the inferior hemisphere and quadrant were also significantly lower in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p=0.03 and p=0.017, respectively) and were positively correlated with the inferior hemisphere's retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the nasal and temporal quadrants were significantly decreased in Group 1 when compared to Group 2 (p=0.013 and p=0.022) and were positively correlated with the corresponding radial peripapillary capillary densities of the 2 quadrants (p=0.002 and p=0.022). Conclusion: The decreased radial peripapillary capillary density in the H. pylori-positive patients suggests that H. pylori may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of glaucoma.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a densidade capilar peripapilar radial de pacientes com e sem infecção por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) por meio de angiotomografia de coerência óptica. Métodos: Cinquenta e dois olhos de 52 pacientes com infecção por H. pylori (Grupo 1) e 38 olhos de 38 pacientes sem infecções por H. pylori (Grupo 2) foram incluídos neste estudo prospectivo e transversal. A densidade capilar peripapilar radial (%) e a espessura da camada de fibra nervosa retiniana (μm) em 4 setores iguais e 2 hemisférios iguais foram calculados automaticamente na região peripapilar por angiotomografia de coerência óptica. Os parâmetros da cabeça do nervo óptico dos pacientes também foram avaliados. Resultados: Os grupos foram semelhantes em relação aos parâmetros: idade, sexo e cabeça do nervo óptico. As densidades capilares peripapilares radiais no hemisfério superior, hemisfério inferior, quadrante superior e quadrante inferior foram significativamente menores no Grupo 1 do que no Grupo 2 (p=0,039, p=0,03, p=0,028 e p=0,017 respectivamente). As densidades capilares peripapilares radiais, tanto no hemisfério superior quanto no quadrante superior, foram correlacionadas positivamente com a espessura da camada de fibra nervosa da retina do hemisfério superior (p<0,001 e p<0,001). As densidades capilares peripapilares radiais no hemisfério inferior e no quadrante inferior foram positivamente correlacionadas com a espessura da camada do nervo retiniano do hemisfério inferior (p<0,001 e p<0,001). A espessura da camada da fibra nervosa retiniana nos quadrantes nasal e temporal diminuiu significativamente no Grupo 1 quando comparado ao Grupo 2 (p=0,013 e p=0,022), e esses valores foram positivamente correlacionados com as densidades capilares peripapilares radiais correspondentes nos quadrantes nasal e temporal (p=0,002 e p=0,022). Conclusão: A diminuição das densidades capilares peripapilares radiais nos olhos de indivíduos positivos para H. pylori sugere que H. pylori pode desempenhar um papel na etiopatogenia do glaucoma.

Association between visual function and optic fiber layer thickness after gene therapy for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the association between the rehabilitation of visual function and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients receiving gene therapy for the disease.Methods:A multi-center, non-randomized, single-arm clinical trial was conducted.A total of 159 LHON patients were enrolled in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Taihe Hospital and Ezhou Central Hospital from December 2017 to December 2018.All of the patients were administered with a single unilateral intravitreal injection (0.05 μl) of recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 carrying reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 (rAAV2-ND4) and were followed up before and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) unit was assessed with a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.Perimetry indicators including visual field index (VFI) and mean deviation (MD) were measured with Humphrey Field Analyzer.RNFL thickness in the superior, inferior, temporal, nasal optic disc and the average RNFL thickness were detected with Spectralis ? HRA+ OCT.The 12-month postoperative BCVA, visual field, and RNFL thickness were taken as the primary outcomes.According to the improvement of BCVA, VFI and MD at 12 months after therapy, there were 81 vision improved eyes with injection, 62 vision unimproved eyes with injection, 65 vision improved eyes without injection, and 78 vision unimproved eyes without injection, 48 VFI improved eyes with injection, 71 VFI unimproved eyes with injection, 47 VFI improved eyes without injection, and 72 VFI unimproved eyes without injection, 52 MD improved eyes with injection, 67 MD unimproved eyes with injection, 47 MD improved eyes without injection, and 72 MD unimproved eyes without injection.The correlations between BCVA, VFI, MD and RNFL thickness were evaluated by Pearson linear correlation analysis.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of Wuhan Tongji Hospital (No.TJ-IRB20180316), Taihe Hospital (No.2017-01), Ezhou Central Hospital (No.2017-K-05) and People's Hospital of Wuhan University (No.WDRY2020-K202).Written informed consent was obtained from each patient or custodian prior to entering the study cohort. Results:Among the patients receiving rAAV-ND4 gene therapy, the 12-month postoperative BCVA (LogMAR) in the injected eyes and uninjected eyes was 1.37±0.55 and 1.29±0.59, which were significantly better than 1.70±0.41 and 1.53±0.51 before treatment (baseline), respectively ( t=4.920, 3.550; both at P<0.001).The 12-month postoperative VFI of the patients were significantly improved and the 12-month postoperative MD of the patients were significantly lowered in comparison with those at baseline in the injected eyes (both at P<0.001).Similar improvements of VFI and MD were observed in the uninjected eyes (both at P<0.01).RNFL of the patients was thinner after the therapy.In the vision improved eyes with injection, the BCVA was negatively correlated with superior, inferior, temporal, nasal and average RNFL thickness ( r=-0.362, -0.292, -0.307, -0.308; all at P<0.05).In the VFI improved eyes with injection, VFI was positively correlated with superior, inferior, nasal and average RNFL thickness ( r=0.439, 0.356, 0.294, 0.401; all at P<0.05).In the MD improved eyes with injection, MD was positively correlated with superior, inferior, nasal and average RNFL thickness ( r=0.495, 0.424, 0.377, 0.474; all at P<0.05). Conclusions:The recovery of visual function is associated with RNFL thickness after the intravitreal injection of rAAV2-ND4 in LHON eyes.Recovery of visual acuity is better in the eyes with thicker RNFL.

Evaluation of choroidal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with unilateral amblyopia: a prospective study / Avaliação da espessura da coroide e da camada de fibras nervosas da retina em pacientes com ambliopia unilateral: um estudo prospectivo

ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare the Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFL) of amblyopic and normal fellow eyes. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational case series. Methods: Forty patients age 12 to 41 years (mean 23.73 ± 6.42) with unilateral amblyopia were studied. Among them, 11(28.2%) patients had amblyopia secondary to strabismus and 29(71.8 %) had anisometropic amblyopia. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the peripapillary RNFL thickness of amblyopic and fellow eyes was performed. RNFL thickness measurements were taken from the superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants in the peripapillary region. Also, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Results: Mean global RNFL thickness of the amblyopic and fellow eyes was 104.48 microns and 102.83 microns, respectively. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05%). The thicknesses of the superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants of the retinal nerve fiber layer between the amblyopic and normal fellow eyes showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05%). However, the SFCT of amblyopic eye was 11 or more microns thicker than the fellow eye and this was statistically significant different (p<0.05%). Conclusions: This study demonstrated SFCT in amblyopic eyes was significantly thicker than the normal fellow eyes. The amblyopic process may involve the choroid, but not the prepapillary NFL.

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar a espessura da coroide subfoveal (CSF) e da camada de fibra nervosa retinal (CFNR) de olhos amblíopes e normais. Design: série de casos prospectivos, transversais e observacionais. Métodos: Quarenta pacientes com idade entre 12 e 41 anos (média 23,73 ± 6,42) com ambliopia unilateral foram estudados. Entre eles, 11 (28,2%) pacientes apresentavam ambliopia secundária a estrabismo e 29 (71,8%) apresentavam ambliopia anisometrópica. Foi realizada tomografia de coerência óptica (TCO) da espessura da CFNR peripapilar do olho amblíope e do outro olho. As medidas de espessura da CFNR foram realizadas nos quadrantes superior, inferior, nasal e temporal na região peripapilar. Além disso, a espessura da coroide subfoveal (CSF) foi medida através de tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (TCO-DE). Resultados: A espessura média global da CFNR do olho amblíope e do outro olho foi de 104,48 mícrons e 102,83 mícrons, respectivamente. A diferença entre os dois grupos não foi estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05%). As espessuras dos quadrantes superior, inferior, nasal e temporal da camada de fibras nervosas da retina entre o olho amblíope e o normal não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05%). No entanto, a CSF do olho amblíope foi 11 mícrons mais espessa (ou mais) do que a do outro olho - essa diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05%). Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou que a CSF dos olhos amblíopes foi significativamente mais espessa do que a dos olhos normais. O processo amblíope pode envolver a coroide, mas ele não envolve a CFNR peripapilar.

Parameters of optic disc and macular in primary open-angle glaucoma measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography and its influencing factors / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To measure the parameters of optic disc and macula by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in healthy controls and patients with mild or moderate primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to analyze the related influencing factors. Methods: Forty patients (40 eyes) with mild or moderate POAG who were admitted to our department from Sep. 2015 to Aug. 2018 were enrolled, including 20 patients aged 20-39 years old and 20 patients aged 60-79 years old. Contemporaneous 40 healthy controls (40 eyes) were also included (20 aged 20-39 years old and 20 aged 60-79 years old). All subjects received comprehensive ophthalmic examination. SD-OCT was used to measure the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), the thickness of macular average ganglion cell layer combined with the inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL), the macular minimum GCL-IPL thickness, and the average thickness of the macular cube. Results: The average and minimum GCL-IPL thickness decreased significantly with age in both healthy control and POAG groups (P0.05). The mean, superior, inferior and temporal thicknesses of pRNFL in the POAG group (both 20-39 years old and 60-79 years old subgroups) were significantly thinner than those in the healthy control group (P0.05). And no significant difference was found in the nasal thickness of pRNFL between POAG group and healthy control group of the same age (P>0.05). Conclusion: The pRNFL thickness measured by SD-OCT is related to POAG, and it can be used as a detection index for early diagnosis of POAG.

Diagnostic value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Objective: To investigate the value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods: Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes, including 60 patients without DPN (NDPN group) and 30 patients with DPN (DPN group), and 30 healthy participants (normal group) were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the four quadrants and the overall average RNFL thickness of the optic disc. The receiver operator characteristic curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of RNFL thickness in the optic disc area for DPN. Results: The RNFL thickness of the DPN group was thinner than those of the normal and NDPN groups in the overall average ((101.07± 12.40) µm vs. (111.07±6.99) µm and (109.25±6.90) µm), superior quadrant ((123.00±19.04) µm vs. (138.93±14.16) µm and (134.47±14.34) µm), and inferior quadrant ((129.37±17.50) µm vs. (143.60±12.22) µm and (144.48±14.10) µm), and the differences were statistically significant. The diagnostic efficiencies of the overall average, superior quadrant, and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses, and a combined index of superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were similar, and the AUCs were 0.739 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.635–0.826), 0.683 (95% CI 0.576–0.778), 0.755 (95% CI 0.652–0.840), and 0.773 (95% CI 0.672–0.854), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity of RNFL thickness in the superior quadrant reached 93.33%. Conclusions: The thickness of the RNFL in the optic disc can be used as a diagnostic method for DPN.

Follow-up study on factors related to visual field progression of the primary open angle glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the related factors of visual field progression in patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG), and to provide novel ideas for more accurate and efficient follow-up of clinical patients. <p>METHODS: A prospective study that includes thirty-nine patients(77 eyes)with POAG who were followed up every three months for 7 consecutive times. After inquiring the history in detail, intraocular pressure(IOP), visual field examination and nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness were measured. During follow-up the family history, smoking and drinking history, age, gender, surgery, IOP fluctuation, baseline visual field defect and RNFL thickness change were analyzed.<p>RESULTS: During the follow-up period, the degree of RNFL thinning was positively correlated with visual field progression(<i>P</i><0.05). The baseline visual field defect was associated with visual field progression. Moderate baseline visual field defect has the greatest correlation with the progression of visual field damage, the second is mild, and the least is severe.<p>CONCLUSION: Changes in RNFL thickness may provide useful information and progressive judgment of patients with mild and severe visual field defects should be combined with other information besides visual field.

Diagnostic value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).@*METHODS@#Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes, including 60 patients without DPN (NDPN group) and 30 patients with DPN (DPN group), and 30 healthy participants (normal group) were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the four quadrants and the overall average RNFL thickness of the optic disc. The receiver operator characteristic curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of RNFL thickness in the optic disc area for DPN.@*RESULTS@#The RNFL thickness of the DPN group was thinner than those of the normal and NDPN groups in the overall average ((101.07± 12.40) µm vs. (111.07±6.99) µm and (109.25±6.90) µm), superior quadrant ((123.00±19.04) µm vs. (138.93±14.16) µm and (134.47±14.34) µm), and inferior quadrant ((129.37±17.50) µm vs. (143.60±12.22) µm and (144.48±14.10) µm), and the differences were statistically significant. The diagnostic efficiencies of the overall average, superior quadrant, and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses, and a combined index of superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were similar, and the AUCs were 0.739 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.635-0.826), 0.683 (95% CI 0.576-0.778), 0.755 (95% CI 0.652-0.840), and 0.773 (95% CI 0.672-0.854), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity of RNFL thickness in the superior quadrant reached 93.33%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The thickness of the RNFL in the optic disc can be used as a diagnostic method for DPN.

Optical coherence tomography findings in bipolar disorder: a preliminary receiver operating characteristic analysis on ganglion cell layer volume for diagnosis

Abstract Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been recently used to investigate neuropsychiatric disorders. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and the ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume in patients with type 1 bipolar disorder (BPD1, diagnosed according to DSM 5) to the values in healthy controls. Methods Eighty consecutive outpatients with a diagnosis of euthymic BPD1 and 80 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Following assessment with the Sociodemographic Data Form, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Scale and Young Mania Evaluation Scale, both groups underwent Optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results The mean RNFL thickness and mean GCL volume were significantly lower in the BPD1 group than in the controls (p < 0.05). The GCL global value had a significant and independent effect in distinguishing the BPD1 patients from the controls. A cut-off value of 101 mm3 for global GCL volume was proposed to distinguish BPD1 patients from controls with a sensitivity of 87.5%. Discussion Lower values of GCL volume and RNFLT in patients suffering from BPD1 suggest that neurodegeneration may occur during the course of BPD and that this degeneration can be characterized in particular by a thinning of the GCL volume.

Effect of Honey Cocktail on Macular Thickness, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Optic Nerve Head Parameters in Post-Menopausal Women

@#Introduction: Honey postulated may have an estrogenic effect on the retinal estrogenic receptors. The aim of the study is to compare the mean macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters with and without honey cocktail supplement in post-menopausal women. Methods: A randomised interventional study was conducted from March 2014 to July 2015. A total of 60 post-menopausal women were selected and randomised into 2 groups: honey cocktail (20 mg/day) and control. Macular thickness, RNFL thickness and ONH parameters were measured using optical coherence tomography at baseline and at 3 months post honey cocktail supplementation. Results: The mean global macular thickness and RNFL thickness were significantly thicker in post-menopausal women with honey cocktail at 3 months post supplement (p = 0.002 and 0.033 respectively). There was a significant increase in the mean change of global macular thickness and RNFL thickness in honey cocktail group at 3 months post supplement (p < 0.001 and < 0.001 respectively). Although there was no significant difference in the ONH parameters at 3 months post supplement between the two groups but there was significant increase in the mean change of rim area (p = 0.003), and significant reduce in the mean change of cup area (p = 0.001) and cup-disc-ratio (p <0.001) in honey cocktail group at 3 months post supplement. Conclusion: Honey cocktail supplement showed structural changes in the macular thickness, RNFL thickness and OHN parameters of post-menopausal women.

Observation of penetrance and retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the effects of penetrance,different time of onset and mutation sites on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thickness in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study.A total of 88 patients with LHON and 1492 relatives of the maternal relatives (gene carriers) who received treatment in People's Liberation Army General Hospital from 2015 to 2017 were included in the study.Among the 1492 family members,there were 694 males and 798 females.Peripheral venous blood was extracted from all subjects for mitochondrial DNA testing,and penetrance was calculated.A total of 117 patients underwent BCVA and SD-OCT examinations,including 82 patients and 35 gene carriers.The BCVA examination was performed using the Snellen visual acuity chart,which was converted into logMAR visual acuity.The thickness of RNFL,ganglion cell complex (GCC) and inner limiting membrane (ILM)-RPE were measured with OCT instrument.The mean follow-up was 50.02± 86.27 months.The disease course was divided into 6 stages including ≤3 months,4-6 months,7-12 months and ＞ 12 months.The thickness of RNFL,GCC and ILM-RPE in patients with different time of onset and mutation sites were comparatively analyzed by covariance analysis.Categorical variables were expressed as a percentage,and the x2 test was used for comparison among multiple groups.Results Among the 1492 family members,285 were diagnosed with LHON and highly suspected clinical manifestations (19.10％),including 190 males (21.98％) and 95 females (11.90％).The total penetrance rates of 11778,14484 and rare mutation sites were 19.84％ (228/1149),20.50％ (33/161),and 13.19％ (24/182) respectively;male penetrance rates were 28.87％ (153/530),27.28％ (20/72),and 18.48％ (17/92) and female penetrance rates were 12.12％ (75/619),14.61％ (13/89) and 7.78％ (7/90).There was no significant difference in total (x2=4.732),male (x2=4.263) and female (x2=4.263) penetrance between different mutation sites (P=0.094,0.110,0.349).Compared with non-pathogenic carriers,the thickness of the RNFL,GCC and ILM-RPE were all different in the four stages (≤3months,4-6 months,7-12 months and ＞12 months).The thickness ofRNFL,GCC and ILM-RPE decreased with the time of onset (P=0.000).There were significant differences in the thickness of each of the GCC and ILM-RPE layers in the macular area of LHON patients with different mutation sites (P＜ 0.05).Among them,the site 11778 and 3460 had the most severe damage in all quadrants of macular GCC and ILM-RPE layer,followed by 14484 site,and the rare site had the least damage in all quadrants.Conclusions The penetrance of LHON patients is 19.10％.With the extension of the onset time (within 1 year),the RNFL layer of the optic disc and all quadrants of the macular GCC and ILM-RPE layer gradually thinned.Compared with 11778 and rare site,14484 site,and the rare site had the lighter damage on the thickness of RNFL,GCC and ILM-RPE.

The time relationship of retinal light threshold fluctuations and retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex thickness changes on high-risk primary open-angle glaucoma / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To investigate the time relationship of the change,and diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity between retinal light threshold fluctuations (LTF) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex(GCC) thickness on high-risk primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods Totally 319 patients (319 eyes) with high-risk in POAG from the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical Universityand during December 2009 and December 2017,50 healthy individuals (50 eyes) as control were collected in this longitudinal cohort study.Visual field and OCT were reviewed every 6 months on the high-risk group and every 12 months on the control group.High-risk groups inclusion criteria:vertical C/D≥0.6;early visual field defect (according to glaucoma visual field damage GSS2 quantitative grading standards,mean deviation and pattern standard deviation of central field exceeds the border as an early visual field defect);continuous repeatable results.The first field and OCT results in the absence of visual field defects and C/D≥0.6,which were conformed reliability indicators and removed learning effects as a baseline.When patients achieve POAG diagnosis criteria first time which was recorded as a turning point.And they were divided into early group meanwhile were ended of follow-up.After the last follow-up,the inspection data was segmented counted in yearly interval.The changes of LTF,thickness of RNFL and GCC during the follow-up period in the early POAG group and the control group were observed.The loss rate and change rate in each period were compared for the assessment of their trends with time.Followed by calculation of the area under receiver operating curves (AUC) to compare the predicted value of POAG and the sensitivity at 95％ specificity in each period.Results After last follow-up,totally 67 patients 67 eyes (early POAG group,37 males and 30 females) were entered the turning point.The mean follow-up of the early POAG group and the control group were 6.6 and 6.4 years.The average RNFL thickness was 79.05± 8.09 μm,GCC thickness was 71.58 ± 8.41 μm,LTF was -6.05 ± 7.02 dB in early POAG group.The average RNFL thickness was 93.49± 6.24 μrm,GCC thickness was 79.72± 6.32 μm,LTF was-0.31 ± 0.58 dB in the control group.The differences of LTF and the thickness of RNFL and GCC were statistically significant (t=-5.97,-10.42,-5.60;P＜0.001).The AUC of RNFL,GCC thickness and LTF increased with time in the early POAG group.The sensitivity was gradually increased at 95％ specificity:5th year before to at turning point,RNFL thickness AUC was 0.15,0.65,0.71,0.77,0.85,0.92,and sensitivity was 20％,56％,61％,65％,70％,76％,respectively;GCC thickness AUC was 0.12,0.53,0.69,0.74,0.82,0.90,and sensitivity was 14％,53％,69％,74％,82％,90％,respectively;the AUC of LTF was 0.10,0.21,0.33,0.75,0.86,0.91,and sensitivity was 7％,17％,44％,65％,78％,87％,respectively.Conclusions The earliest time of structural functional damage of POAG is at the 4th year before confirmed,simultaneous RNFL diagnosis accuracy and sensitivity are better than GCC and LTF.The earliest time of visual functional damage of POAG is at the 2th year before confirmed,simultaneous LTF diagnosis accuracy and sensitivity are better than RNFL and GCC.

Study of peripapillary vessel density in primary open angle glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate peripapillary vessel density(VD)in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)eyes and to compare them with normal control eyes, and to evaluate the diagnostic ability of peripapillary VD in POAG.<p>METHODS: Sixty consecutive POAG patients from March 2018 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study. Sixty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteer were also enrolled as a control group. Using RTVue-100 optical coherence tomography(OCT), the peripapillary VD of POAG eyes and normal control eyes were measured and compared. To assess the diagnostic ability of peripapillary VD in POAG, receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC)and areas under the ROC(AUC)were used. <p>RESULTS: The POAG eyes had a smaller peripapillary VD than the control eyes overall(<i>P</i><0.001). The mean superior and inferior peripapillary VD of the POAG patients were 52.38%±5.31% and 52.58%±5.32%, respectively. The mean superior and inferior peripapillary VD in control eyes were 58.43%±4.11% and 58.36%±3.40%, respectively. Compared to the normal control subjects, the POAG eyes had a smaller superior and inferior peripapillary VD with a significant difference(<i>P</i><0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that cup/disc ratio and the peripapillary VD were significantly thinner in association with the POAG diagnosis. The ROC and AUC analyses showed that the AUC value of peripapillary VD is 0.808(95% <i>CI</i>:0.730-0.887)with a good diagnostic value. <p>CONCLUSION:The peripapillary VD in POAG eyes was smaller than that of normal control eyes. Decreased peripapillary VD might therefore be associated with POAG. The peripapillary VD had a good diagnostic value.

Evaluation of macular ganglion cell analysis compared to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for preperimetric glaucoma diagnosis

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic ability of the ganglion cell analysis (GCA) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) protocol on optical coherence tomography (OCT), to diagnose preperimetric glaucoma. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study of 275 adult patients including 47 early glaucoma (mean deviation better than -6.0 D), 150 glaucoma suspects (106 with suspicious discs and 44 ocular hypertensive (OHT), and 78 normal controls was done. Eligible participants were scanned with the spectral domain CirrusTM OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). Average peripapillary RNFL thickness and GCA measurements were obtained. Area under receiver operating characteristic (AROC) curves were used to evaluate discriminant value of both protocols to diagnose likely preperimetric glaucoma among glaucoma suspects. Results: Average RNFL and GCA were significantly thinner in glaucoma patients compared to glaucoma suspects and normal controls (P < 0.001). The RNFL was 92.26 ± 8.8 ? in normal controls, 87.9 ± 12.12 ? in glaucoma suspects and significantly thinner in POAG (70.29 ± 10.18 ?; P < 0.001). The GCA was 81.94 ± 6.17 ? in normal controls, 77.69 ± 9.03 ? in glaucoma suspects, and significantly thinner in POAG (69.36 ± 11.06 ?; P < 0.001). AROCs for discriminating glaucoma suspects from normal were modest, with no difference in AROC of average RNFL or GCA measurements (DeLong; P = 0.93). Average RNFL thickness had significantly greater AROC values than average GCA for discriminating glaucoma suspects (both suspicious discs and OHT) from glaucoma (P = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively. AROC for diagnosing glaucoma was significantly better (P = 0.02) for RNFL (0.88 ± 0.03) than GCA (0.77 ± 0.04). Conclusion: In the present time, GCA measurements, as provided by the SD-OCT, do not appear to outperform RNFL measurements in the diagnosis of preperimetric glaucoma.

Comparisons of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes after macular hole surgery / Comparação nas alterações da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas retinianas após cirurgia de buraco macular

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare postoperative changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with macular holes treated with vitrectomy with Brilliant Blue-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling. Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 20 patients with macular holes were studied. Each eye was selected to undergo Brilliant Blue-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling. The circumferential retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was determined using spectral domain optical coherence tomography preoperatively and 2 months postoperatively. Mean overall and sectoral retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses were obtained for each patient. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p≥0.05) between the pre- and post-treatment measurements in relation to each CFN variable, i.e., on average, pre-treatment measures were the same as post-treatment measures. Furthermore, despite the differences between the pre- and post-treatment measures always being positive (pre-post >0), they are not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study showed no significant decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements after macular holes surgery, regardless of age or sex.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar as alterações pós-operatórias na espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina em pacientes com buracos maculares submetidos à vitrectomia via pars-plana associada à remoção de membrana limitante interna. Métodos: Foram estudados 22 olhos de 20 pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados com buraco macular. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à vitrectomia via pars-plana e remoção de membrana limitante interna corada com azul brilhante. A espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina em região peripapilar foi determinada por tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral antes e 2 meses após a cirurgia. As espessuras totais e espessuras setoriais da camada de fibras nervosas da retina foram obtidas para cada paciente. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que não existe diferença estatisticamente significativa (p≥0,05) entre as medidas pré e pós-operatórias em relação a cada uma das variáveis. Conclusão: Este estudo não demonstrou diminuição significativa nas medidas da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas retinianas após a cirurgia de buraco macular, independente da faixa etária ou sexo.

Optical Coherence Tomography Measurement and Visual Outcome in Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

PURPOSE: This study investigated visual acuity (VA) values and differences depending on optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with acute CRAO who underwent macular and disc OCT. We evaluated changes in macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness after acute CRAO onset based on OCT. We also determined the association of thickness changes with VA improvement. RESULTS: This study involved both eyes in a total of 12 patients with acute CRAO. A significant increase was observed in foveal (1 mm) thickness (p = 0.002), parafoveal (3 mm) thickness (p = 0.002), and peripapillary RNFL thickness (p = 0.005) in affected eyes with CRAO, but not in central foveal thickness (p = 0.266). A significant small difference in both eyes (affected eye – fellow eye) was shown in foveal (1 mm) and mean parafoveal (3 mm) thickness in the improved VA group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.004, respectively), but not in central foveal or peripapillary RNFL thickness (both p = 0.283). CONCLUSIONS: Both macular and RNFL thickness increased in patients with acute CRAO. RNFL thickness decreased over time with progression of RNFL atrophy. Less macular damage caused by acute CRAO could be predicted by a small difference in macular thickness between eyes (affected eye – fellow eye). In such cases, patients had a greater chance of VA improvement.

Application of optic disc parameters and RNFL thickness by swept source optical coherence tomography in patients with PACG / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the application value of optic disc parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness by swept source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)in the efficacy evaluation of primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG). <p>METHODS: Totally 60 PACG patients(68 eyes)who was treated with peripheral iridotomy and trabeculectomy was selected. According to the intraocular pressure during postoperative follow-up, all the patients were divided into controlled group(<21mmHg, 39 cases 45 eyes), uncontrolled group(≥21mmHg, 21 cases 23 eyes). The SS-OCT was used to detect the RNFL thickness and optic disc parameters before and after treatment in both groups, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated. <p>RESULTS: The intraocular pressure in both groups were significantly reduced after treatment, and the controlled group was significantly lower than that in uncontrolled group(<i>P</i><0.05). After treatment, the RNFL thickness in controlled group had not obvious difference compared with that before treatment(<i>P</i>>0.05), but it was obviously thinned in uncontrolled group compared with before treatment and control group(<i>P</i><0.05). After treatment, disc area(DA)in uncontrolled group was increased obviously, and rim area(RA), rim volume(RV)was significantly reduced(<i>P</i><0.05), and the optic disc parameters in controlled group were obviously better than those in uncontrolled group(<i>P</i><0.05). Intraocular pressure was positively correlated with optic disc parameter DA, and negatively correlated with RA(<i>r</i>=0.415, -0.399; <i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: SS-OCT can accurately reflect the change of optic disc parameters and RNFL thickness after intraocular pressure controlled in PACG patients. It has a certain clinical value in follow-up and efficacy evaluation for PACG.